BIOCHEPHY: Journal of Science Education

Development of a Qur'an-Integrated Student Worksheet on Newton’s Laws to Enhance Self-Regulated Learning: An ADDIE-Based Study in Islamic Junior Secondary School

Kuni Fidrotul Badingah, Ahmad Khoiri, Fatiatun — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Physics teaching materials in Islamic schools frequently prioritise conceptual mastery while neglecting the integration of Islamic values and the cultivation of self-regulated learning (SRL), despite both being mandated objectives of Indonesian national education. This study aimed to develop, validate, and assess the practicality and effectiveness of a Qur’an-integrated Student Worksheet (Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik, LKPD) on Newton’s Laws designed to strengthen SRL among seventh-grade students. A Research and Development design following the ADDIE model was employed. Participants comprised two expert validators (subject-matter and media specialists), one physics teacher, and 59 seventh-grade students from MTs Ma’arif Gondang, Indonesia, distributed between an experimental class (VII-A, n = 30) and a control class (VII-B, n = 29). The LKPD was evaluated for validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Expert validation yielded a mean score of 4.39 out of 5.00 (87.8%), placing the product in the “Very Valid” category. Practicality assessment by students and teacher produced a mean score of 3.70 out of 4.00 (92.5%), classified as “Very Practical”. Effectiveness was examined through a pre-test–post-test quasi-experimental design; the experimental group achieved a mean normalised gain (N-Gain) of 57%, exceeding the control group’s 42%. An independent-samples t-test confirmed a statistically significant difference (t = 2.989 > t = 1.673; df = 57; Alpha = .05). These findings indicate that Qur’an-integrated instructional materials can meaningfully advance both conceptual understanding and self-regulatory capacities in secondary physics education.

Effect of the Pancaniti Learning Model Assisted by Flashcard Media and a Simple Biogas Project on the Science Literacy of Elementary School Students

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Science literacy among Indonesian elementary school students remains below international benchmarks, while locally grounded instructional approaches that integrate sustainability education are still limited. This study investigated the effect of the Pancaniti learning model, a five-stage pedagogical framework based on Sundanese values, combined with flashcard media and a simple biogas project, on fifth-grade students’ science literacy. A one-group pre-test–post-test quasi-experimental design was conducted with 32 Grade 5 students at SDN Purwamekar selected through purposive sampling. Science literacy was measured using three PISA-aligned indicators: identifying scientific problems, explaining scientific phenomena, and using scientific evidence. Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test due to non-normal post-test data. Results showed a significant improvement in science literacy, with mean scores increasing from 6.44 to 8.44 (Z = ?4.112, p < .001) and a large effect size (r = 0.727). The overall N-Gain was 0.58 (moderate), with the highest gain in using scientific evidence (0.72; high). These findings indicate that the Pancaniti model effectively enhances elementary students’ science literacy.

Vertical Sediment Drilling Technique in Fish-Pond Areas of Lake Limboto

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Lake Limboto in Gorontalo is an essential ecosystem for local communities, particularly fishermen, yet fish-pond activities have increased sedimentation and accelerated the lake's degradation. Effective conservation efforts require sediment-characterization analysis, including vertical sediment profiles in pond areas, which has been limited by the lack of appropriate drilling techniques. This study aims to evaluate a vertical sediment-sampling technique in fish-pond zones using a survey method and shallow drilling with an XY-1A spindle-type drilling machine at depths of 1–15 meters. The results indicate that drilling stability is strongly influenced by the structural integrity of the machine's support base, particularly due to water currents and waves in the lake. This drilling technique is recommended for sediment sampling in Lake Limboto, especially in pond areas, and contributes to the advancement of sediment-drilling methods in similar aquatic environments.

Development of a Student Worksheet (LKPD) Integrated with the Qur'an and Hadith on the Digestive System Topic

Siti Nurhayati, Elsa Ofiarni, Tegi Tegi, Ummi Hiras Habisukan, Weni Lestari — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to develop a Student Worksheet (LKPD) integrated with Qur'anic verses and Hadith on the digestive system topic for senior high school students, as well as to determine its validity and practicality. The development model used was ADDIE, although the study was limited to the Analysis and Design stages. The instruments consisted of expert validation sheets (material, media, language, and Islamic studies experts) and practicality questionnaires for students and biology teachers. The validation results indicated that the LKPD was categorized as very valid, with the following scores: Islamic studies expert 94.66%, material expert 93.33%, media expert 97.33%, and language expert 97.33%. The practicality test results showed that the LKPD was rated very practical by students with a score of 89% and by biology teachers with a score of 90.66%. Accordingly, the Qur'an- and Hadith-integrated LKPD is considered feasible and suitable for use as a learning resource for the digestive system topic.

Development of a PBL-Based E-LKPD Assisted by the wizer.me Website on Buffer Solution Material for Phase F Senior High School Students

Suci Ramadani, Desy Kurniawati — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study is a research and development (R&D) study aimed at producing an electronic student worksheet (E-LKPD) based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) assisted by the Wizer.me website on the topic of buffer solutions. The development model employed was the 4-D model, comprising the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages; however, this study was limited to the develop stage. The research instruments included interview guidelines, validation sheets, teacher practicality questionnaires, and student response questionnaires. The research subjects consisted of three chemistry lecturers from FMIPA UNP, two chemistry teachers from SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang, and Phase F students of SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang in the 2025/2026 academic year. The data collected were primary data analysed through validity and practicality tests. The expert validity test yielded an average Aiken's V index of 0.91, categorised as valid. The practicality test results indicated mean scores of 96% from teachers and 90% from students, both categorised as very practical. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the developed PBL-based E-LKPD assisted by Wizer.me is valid, highly practical, and feasible for use as a chemistry learning medium on buffer solution material.

Neuroendocrine-Immune Homeostasis Disruption in Livestock: Molecular Mechanisms, Health Consequences, and Mitigation Strategies A Systematic Literature Review

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Livestock are routinely exposed to environmental, nutritional, managerial, and infectious stressors that challenge the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Dysregulation of this integrated axis is increasingly recognised as a principal driver of reduced health resilience and productive performance. This systematic literature review characterised the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroendocrine–immune homeostasis in livestock, identified major disruption categories triggered by stressor exposure, and synthesised evidence-based mitigation strategies. Forty-one peer-reviewed articles from 2020–2026 were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and analysed through data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. Findings indicate that chronic HPA axis over-activation triggers six inter-related disturbances: periparturient immunosuppression, Th1/Th2 imbalance, reproductive hormone dysregulation, pro-inflammatory cytokine dysregulation, heat-stress-induced endocrine disruption, and negative energy balance collectively heightening susceptibility to mastitis and metritis while suppressing reproductive efficiency and growth. Effective mitigation requires adaptive housing, precision nutrition, and evidence-based welfare practices to sustain livestock productivity in tropical systems.

Application of The Make A Match Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Student Learning Outcomes on The Circulatory System Topic

Mohammad Liwa Ilhamdi, Ahmad Reza Mahendra, Mega Nofitri Ikhwan — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study is a classroom action research (CAR) aimed at improving student learning outcomes on the circulatory system topic through the application of the Make A Match cooperative learning model. The study was conducted at SMA Negeri 5 Mataram with Grade XI students as research subjects. It was carried out in two cycles, each comprising the stages of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The research data covered the implementation of learning using the Make A Match model and student learning outcomes. Data were collected through teacher and student activity observation sheets and learning outcome tests in the form of quizzes and written assignments. Data analysis was conducted descriptively to describe improvements in the learning process and outcomes across each cycle. The results indicated that the application of the Make A Match cooperative learning model was effective in enhancing student learning activity and improving learning outcomes on the circulatory system topic. Therefore, the Make A Match model can be recommended as an alternative biology learning method to support active and meaningful learning.

Butterfly Diversity in the Paddy Field Area of Paokmotong Village, Lombok Island

Mohammad Liwa Ilhamdi, Agil Al Idrus, Ovy Adelia Hidayat — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Lombok Island harbours a rich butterfly fauna that plays a vital ecological role as pollinators and bioindicators of ecosystem health. This study investigated butterfly species diversity in the paddy field area of Paokmotong Village, East Lombok Regency, using an exploratory survey method across five observation zones: the northern, southern, eastern, and western field edges, and the central field transect. A total of 49 individuals belonging to eight species from three families (Pieridae, Hesperiidae, and Nymphalidae) were recorded. Eurema blanda and Leptosia nina (both Pieridae) were the most abundant species, while Nymphalidae exhibited the highest species richness with five species. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was calculated at 1.898, indicating moderate diversity. This value reflects a relatively stable habitat condition in terms of food availability, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity. The moderate diversity level suggests that, while the paddy field ecosystem of Paokmotong provides a reasonably supportive habitat for butterflies, environmental pressures such as pesticide use and low plant diversity may be limiting species richness. Conservation of wild flowering vegetation along field margins is recommended to sustain and enhance butterfly diversity in this agricultural landscape.

Analysis of Conceptual Understanding of Acids and Bases: A Literature Review

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Through an analytical synthesis comparing similarities and differences across various studies, this literature review identifies research trends dominated by qualitative approaches among Grade XI students with a focus on acids and bases, as well as multilevel diagnostic instruments for student misconceptions in chemistry. The review highlights research gaps in the integration of multilevel chemical representations, acknowledges the limitations of prior studies that remain largely descriptive without comprehensive conceptual mapping, and proposes future research directions in the form of evidence-based pedagogical interventions to address student misconceptions about acids and bases. This situation is further compounded by the dominance of rote-learning methods that neglect deeper understanding at the submicroscopic level. Therefore, the instructional approach recommended is the integration of guided inquiry, which is capable of bridging students' understanding from the macroscopic to the submicroscopic perspective through technology-based simulations and laboratory experiments.

Systematics of Student Misconceptions on the Topics of Gravity and Potential Energy: A Systematic Literature Review

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Understanding of basic science concepts is often hindered by students' misconceptions regarding phenomena in their surroundings. If left unaddressed, these misconceptions will obscure and interfere with students' future comprehension of more complex physics material. This study aims to identify the patterns of misconceptions among elementary school students on the topics of gravity and potential energy, evaluate the effectiveness of the diagnostic instruments used, and identify the contributing factors. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this systematic literature review analyses various scientific sources published between 2022 and 2026. The findings reveal consistent conceptual errors, particularly the assumption that mass affects the falling speed of an object and the belief that potential energy exists only in moving objects. The primary triggering factors include students' personal intuition, conventional teaching methods, and limitations in visual media. In conclusion, the regular implementation of tiered diagnostic instruments, accompanied by a shift toward technology-based learning models, is essential for overcoming these learning obstacles.

Factors Causing Learning Difficulties in Elementary School Students' Understanding of Optical Concepts

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Natural Science learning in elementary schools plays a crucial role in building students' scientific thinking skills. However, understanding basic optical concepts such as light, reflection, refraction, propagation, and shadow formation remains a significant challenge. This study aims to analyse the factors causing students' learning difficulties in understanding basic optical concepts through a literature review. The method employed was a review of eight scientific articles published between 2020 and 2026, sourced from Google Scholar and SINTA, using content analysis techniques. The findings show that students still experience misconceptions in optical concepts, particularly in reflection, refraction, and light dispersion. Learning difficulties are influenced by internal factors such as low prior understanding, limited abstract thinking ability, and learning motivation as well as external factors, including the dominance of lecture-based methods, insufficient learning media, limited practicum activities, and suboptimal use of diagnostic instruments. Efforts to address these difficulties can be pursued through conceptual change strategies, the Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) model, multiple representations, and the use of virtual laboratories to help students visualise abstract concepts in a more concrete and meaningful way.

Utilisation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extract as a Natural Indicator for Borax Detection in Food Products

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The widespread misuse of sodium tetraborate among informal food producers highlights the urgent need for eco-friendly, independent food screening methods. This study aimed to validate the effectiveness of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) as an initial screening instrument for borax in high-moisture food clusters. An experimental method was applied through direct visual contact testing of reactive curcumin extract against seven types of wet domestic food samples. Colorimetric test results showed that deep orange boron cyano curcumin (rosocyanine) complex formation was detected exclusively and positively in yellow noodle samples. Six other products chicken meatballs, fish balls, pempek, white tofu, vermicelli, and crackers were confirmed negative. It is concluded that the alkaline-induced structural degradation triggered by this local natural indicator demonstrates precise reactive sensitivity, is economically viable, and is applicable as a communal preventive solution for enhancing household food safety literacy.

Effectiveness of Purple Cabbage Flower (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) Extract as a Natural Indicator for Borax Identification in Food Products

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The misuse of borax as a preservative in school snacks poses a serious threat to food safety, necessitating practical and accessible solutions for the general public. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) extract as a natural indicator for the qualitative detection of borax. Laboratory experiments were conducted at the Biology Laboratory of Universitas Negeri Medan using the maceration method with water as the solvent to extract anthocyanin pigments. Food samples tested included meatballs, tofu, yellow noodles, and crackers. The results showed that purple cabbage extract successfully detected borax in yellow noodle samples through a colour change from purple to bluish-green, caused by the deprotonation of anthocyanins under alkaline conditions. These findings demonstrate that purple cabbage extract is a valid, economical, practical, and environmentally friendly screening tool to support public food safety monitoring.

Exploration of Physics Concepts through the Local Wisdom Traditional Game “Bedil Jepret Bambu”

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Physics education in Indonesia tends to be abstract, with the connection between physics concepts and students' everyday experiences often remaining unclear. This study maps the physics concepts embedded in the mechanism of the traditional bamboo snap gun (bedil jepret bambu) game as a source of contextual learning. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, based on conceptual analysis of the literature and field data (observation and interviews). The analysis reveals that the mechanism of the bamboo snap gun involves the concepts of elasticity (Hooke's Law), force and acceleration (Newton's Laws), work and energy, impulse and momentum, and parabolic motion. These findings indicate the significant potential of the bamboo snap gun as a physics learning medium that links theory with local cultural contexts. In conclusion, this conceptual mapping can serve as a foundation for developing innovative local-wisdom-based teaching materials to strengthen students' conceptual understanding.

Analysis of Scientific Literacy and Cultural Civic Literacy in Ethnochemistry-Based Atomic Learning

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Formal chemistry learning frequently encounters obstacles in the form of student misconceptions and a disconnect between abstract concepts and everyday life, contributing to Indonesia's low scientific literacy scores in PISA 2022. This study examines the reconstruction of ethnochemistry as an integrative learning approach for atomic concepts and analyses its contribution to facilitating scientific literacy while revitalising students' cultural and civic literacy. Employing a descriptive qualitative narrative literature review, data were gathered from credible scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025. The findings indicate that ethnochemistry effectively reconstructs abstract atomic structure concepts into concrete understanding by integrating local wisdom contexts such as batik-making and traditional fermentation. This approach enhances conceptual understanding, minimises misconceptions, and sharpens science process skills. Furthermore, ethnochemistry-based atomic learning strengthens cultural and civic literacy through the internalisation of character values including mutual cooperation, patriotism, and multicultural awareness and supports the formation of the Pancasila Student Profile. Optimising this approach requires innovation in digital media such as e-flipbooks and Augmented Reality, alongside reinforced implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. These findings underscore the importance of uniting cognitive and affective dimensions within a cultural framework to nurture a generation that is scientifically literate and strong in national character.